In order to enhance the level of China’s antidrug equipment, we independent research and develop drug detecting instrument based on Raman spectroscopy. The design idea of hardware and software platform, main technical parameters and characteristics of the instrument system are expounded. The performance of the instrument was tested by drug methamphetamine and cathinone, precursor chemicals chloroform, acetone, piperidine and ether, flammable and explosive products methanol and ethanol. The results show that the Raman spectra of eight kinds of materials can be measured accurately, and the comprehensive matching coefficients are all higher than 92%. There are no false positives and false negatives. The instrument has good stability and accuracy, and meets the practical needs of the antidrug frontline.