The fifth generation mobile communication (5G) adopts some key technologies including largescale antenna array, new multiple access technology, full spectrum access, ultra dense networking, new network architecture etc., which bring huge challenges to testing. In order to further develop the research of specific test solutions, this paper presents the fifth generation mobile communication technology architecture from the perspective of testing. Combined with the new network architecture and new OTA requirements of 5G communication, this paper discusses the difficulties and challenges of testing technologies in 5G communication such as wireless channel simulation and evaluation, Massive MIMO system testing, new waveform & multiple access scheme testing, business & system level concentration testing and so on.