With the continuous expansion of communication networks, the increasing variety of services, and the increasing requirements for communication security, traditional cryptographic algorithms can no longer meet the needs of modern network communication. Nowadays, many common cryptographic algorithm system standards are widely used in many industries due to their unique algorithm advantages, and they have become a key tool to ensure the security of data transmission. The current image encryption AES algorithm has many defects when processing large amounts of data, such as poor encryption effect and weak attack resistance. In order to solve the above problems, this paper optimizes the traditional AES encryption algorithm, adds the Arnold scrambling algorithm to the AES encryption algorithm, and improves the effect and attack resistance of the encryption algorithm by smashing Arnold scrambling in blocks. Finally, the functional verification is carried out on the ZYNQ board, and the results show that the optimized AES algorithm achieves the expected effect.