For the aerial altitude control of single person aircraft, based on its flexible aerial maneuverability, compared with traditional PID control, the optimal LQR algorithm is proposed to achieve stable and efficient control, while optimizing the energy utilization efficiency of the system. Firstly, the mathematical models of aircraft dynamics and kinematics were derived and established, and a fully digital Simulink simulation model was established based on this, combined with linear analysis to design the controller. Then, by designing a non-zero steady-state LQR algorithm, altitude control simulations of the aircraft were conducted to compare the control effects under different control input weights. The results show that LQR can achieve smooth and stable control. In terms of energy consumption control, under the condition of input weight R=1, the peak control input is only 1.5 times that of the steady state, which is more than 40% lower than the peak input under ordinary control weight, achieving the expected effect.